Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

If your cat has been diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by your veterinarian, know that you are not alone. As cats age, their kidneys often begin to deteriorate, but with early diagnosis and diligent care, you can enhance both the quality and longevity of your cat’s life.

Proper management, particularly through diet, plays a critical role in maintaining your cat's health and well-being.

Understanding the Importance of Diet in Managing Chronic Kidney Disease

Your veterinarian will provide specific recommendations to slow the progression of kidney disease. Below are additional strategies, particularly focusing on dietary adjustments, to help manage CKD in cats.

Hydration is Key

Cats with CKD are prone to dehydration due to their kidneys' diminished ability to conserve water. Ensuring adequate fluid intake is crucial, as it may help slow disease progression. Since cats typically derive most of their hydration from their food, feeding canned food instead of dry kibble is highly beneficial.

Below are some ways to help keep your cat hydrated:

Wet Food:

Whenever possible, feed your cat canned food, which has a higher water content than dry kibble. Most cats prefer the taste and texture of wet food, making it easier to increase their water intake.

Water Fountains:

Cats are often more inclined to drink from moving water sources. Investing in a cat water fountain can encourage your cat to drink more.

Flavoring Water: 

Adding a bit of tuna juice or low-sodium chicken broth to the water can make it more enticing for your cat.

Subcutaneous Fluids: 

In severe cases where your cat refuses to drink, your veterinarian may recommend administering subcutaneous fluids at home. This involves injecting fluids under the skin, providing essential hydration directly.

Adjusting Protein Levels

An optimal diet for a cat with CKD involves reduced protein intake. Proteins break down into waste products that can accumulate in the blood, exacerbating kidney issues. A diet with restricted protein minimizes this buildup, improving your cat’s quality of life. However, it's important to ensure your cat still receives adequate protein, as too little can be harmful.

Balancing Protein Intake:

Specialized Diets

Veterinary-prescribed diets are formulated with the right balance of reduced but high-quality protein.

Food That Is Made Specifically for Chronic Kidney Disease

There are many wet food choices that are made specifically for cats with chronic kidney disease that are readily available and help to manage your cat’s special needs.

Home-Cooked Meals

If you prepare your cat's food at home, consult with your veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist to ensure it meets all nutritional requirements.

Managing Phosphate Intake

Limiting phosphate in your cat’s diet is critical for protecting kidney function. While protein restriction maintains quality of life, phosphate restriction can extend it. High blood phosphate levels can accelerate kidney damage, but medications known as phosphate binders can help reduce intestinal absorption of phosphate.

Strategies for Phosphate Management:

Low-Phosphate Foods

Look for a cat food that is specifically formulated for kidney health, which typically have lower phosphate levels.

Phosphate Binders:

These medications, prescribed by your veterinarian, can be added to your cat’s food to bind phosphate in the gut, reducing its absorption. 

Incorporating Antioxidants and Fatty Acids

Antioxidants and essential fatty acids can support kidney health. Antioxidants protect against further kidney damage, while fatty acids help maintain blood flow and reduce inflammation. Additionally, a vitamin D supplement can aid in sustaining kidney function.

Nutritional Supplements:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil, these can help reduce inflammation and support overall kidney health.

Antioxidant Supplements: Supplements containing vitamins E and C can help protect kidney tissues from oxidative damage.

Vitamin D: Under veterinary guidance, vitamin D can help maintain calcium and phosphorus balance, which is crucial for kidney function.

Potassium Supplements for Appetite and Muscle Health

Cats with CKD may experience low blood potassium levels, leading to muscle weakness and reduced appetite, which can further worsen kidney disease. Potassium supplements, such as potassium gluconate in tablets, gel, or powder form, can help counteract these effects. 

Monitoring and Supplementation:

Regular Blood Tests:

Frequent monitoring of blood potassium levels is essential to adjust supplementation accurately.

Supplement Forms:

Potassium can be administered in various forms, including oral tablets, gels, or powders, to suit your cat’s preference.

By closely following your veterinarian's advice and making these dietary adjustments, you can help your cat live a healthier and longer life despite the challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease. Regular veterinary check-ups, combined with a well-managed diet and proper hydration are the key steps to helping to manage for your kitty’s chronic kidney disease.