Do Cats Have Better Short or Long-Term Memory?

Cats are often seen as independent, aloof, and mysterious creatures, but don’t let that fool you. Behind their quiet demeanor lies an impressive memory. Whether it's the sound of the treat bag rustling or the location of their favorite sunny nap spot, our cats remember far more than we give them credit for.

But do cats have better short-term or long-term memory? And how much are they really capable of remembering? 

Short-Term Memory in Cats

Short-term memory, sometimes referred to as “working memory,” allows cats (and humans) to retain information for a short period typically seconds to minutes. In cats, their short-term memory is impressively strong with a duration of about 16 hours for events that matter to them.

However, a cat’s short-term memory isn’t just about physical space. Cats can also temporarily remember actions, routines, and sounds. This helps them with everyday decision-making such as remembering which door was last open, or which path led your kitty to a cozy sleeping spot.

However, if something isn’t important to your kitty or repeated, your cat might not bother to store the action in his or her memory for very long.  Therefore, cats have functional short-term memory that helps them solve problems and navigate their environment.

Long-Term Memory: The Real Powerhouse

Where cats truly shine is in their long-term memory. Cats can remember people, places, and experiences for months or even years. Their long-term memory is especially strong when emotion is involved—whether positive or negative.

For example, if a particular member of your family frequently feeds your cat, your cat is likely to remember the individual fondly and may seek them out. On the other hand, if a cat had a traumatic visit to the vet or was mistreated by someone in the past, they may continue to fear or avoid that place or person long after the event.

Cats can also remember past training or routines. If you've ever had a cat who learned to come when called or sit for treats, you've seen long-term memory in action. Even if you stop practicing for a while, your cat might recall the trick months later with a little prompting. Similarly, cats may remember where their litter box or food bowls are kept even if they’ve been moved for a time, reverting back to old locations after a change.

How Cats Remember: Their Sensory and Emotional Anchors

Cats rely heavily on their senses when forming memories. Their acute sense of smell is particularly powerful. Cats can associate specific scents with people, places, and experiences. That’s why your cat might rub up against your suitcase when you return from a trip—it smells different, and that sparks curiosity or caution.

Sound is another memory trigger. Cats recognize their owner's voice, and many even come when called by name. They also remember the specific sound of a treat jar, a can opener, or the door to the food cabinet being opened. These familiar sounds become associated with rewards or routines and are stored in long-term memory.

Touch and visual cues also play a role, though cats are more scent- and sound-oriented than dogs. A familiar blanket, a favorite toy, or even the layout of a room can bring comfort or confusion depending on whether those cues match their stored memories.

Emotionally, cats remember both pleasant and traumatic experiences. If a certain event or person made a strong emotional impact, that memory is more likely to be retained. This is why rescue cats with difficult pasts may take longer to trust certain people as they’re recalling bad experiences that left a lasting imprint.

Do Cats Remember Their Owners?

Yes, cats can absolutely remember their owners. While they may not show their affection in the same way dogs do, cats form attachments and recognize people through sight, voice, and smell. Even after months or years of separation, a cat may recall a former owner. There are many documented cases of cats reuniting with their families after long absences and quickly resuming familiar behaviors.

How Long Can a Cat Remember Something?

It depends on the significance of the memory. A basic, unimportant event may be forgotten within a day, while a meaningful interaction could be remembered for a lifetime. Generally, researchers believe cats can remember important information—like where food is stored or who feeds them—for at least 10–16 hours short-term, and potentially years in long-term memory if the experience is repeated or emotionally charged.

Final Thoughts

While cats have decent short-term memory, their long-term memory is much more impressive. By using a blend of scent, sound, and emotional resonance, cats store memories that help them navigate their world and interact with the people in it.