How Can You Tell if Your Dog or Cat Has Hypothermia?

Winter is here in full force, and as temperatures plummet, the risk of our cats and dogs developing hypothermia rises. Contrary to popular belief, it doesn’t have to be below freezing for your cat or dog to become dangerously cold and even develop hypothermia.

Outdoor cats, dogs that enjoy winter activities, or even pets left outside for short periods in cold weather are all at risk. Knowing the signs of hypothermia and how to treat it can save your pet’s life.

Symptoms and Types of Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low body temperature. For dogs and cats, the body’s core temperature drops below its normal range, which is 101–102.5°F for dogs and 100.4–102.5°F for cats. Depending on the severity, hypothermia is categorized as mild (90–99°F), moderate (82–90°F), or severe (below 82°F).

The Symptoms of Hypothermia Vary based on the Severity:

Mild hypothermia:

Weakness, shivering, and decreased mental alertness.

Moderate hypothermia:

Muscle stiffness, low blood pressure, lethargy, and shallow, slow breathing.

Severe hypothermia:

Fixed and dilated pupils, inaudible heartbeat, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, or coma.

It is important to watch if these symptoms appear as hypothermia can quickly progress to life-threatening stages.

Causes of Hypothermia

While cold weather is the primary cause of hypothermia, it’s not the only factor. Puppies, kittens, small breeds, and geriatric pets are more prone to rapid heat loss due to their size or age. Pets with underlying health issues, such as hypothalamic disease (a condition affecting the brain’s ability to regulate body temperature) or hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormone), are also at increased risk.

Even in seemingly mild conditions, wet fur and wind can exacerbate heat loss, making outdoor exposure particularly dangerous. It’s crucial to monitor pets carefully, especially those with known vulnerabilities.

Diagnosing Hypothermia

If you suspect your dog or cat has hypothermia, a visit to the vet is important for an accurate diagnosis.  Your vet will measure your pet’s temperature with a thermometer or, in severe cases, a rectal or esophageal probe.  He or she will also assess breathing and heartbeat for irregularities.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be used to evaluate the heart’s electrical activity. Additional tests, such as blood work and urinalysis, can help identify other underlying issues like low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), metabolic imbalances, or the effects of anesthetics or sedatives, which could contribute to a drop in body temperature.

Treatment for Hypothermia

Mild to moderate hypothermia can often be managed at home. Bring your pet indoors immediately and wrap them in warm blankets. Use a heating pad or warm water bottles wrapped in towels to provide additional warmth. Never place heat sources directly on your pet’s skin to avoid burns. Monitor their temperature with a thermometer and stop the warming process once their body temperature returns to normal.

For severe hypothermia, immediate veterinary care is essential. Treatment may include warm water enemas, IV fluids, and specialized warming techniques to restore body temperature safely. Even if your dog or cat appears to recover at home, it’s always wise to have them examined by a vet to rule out complications.

Preventing Hypothermia

Prevention is the best defense against hypothermia. Limit your dog or cat’s time outside during cold weather, especially for small, young, or elderly pets, or those with predisposing health conditions. If your dog enjoys winter play, invest in protective gear like insulated coats and booties to help retain body heat. For outdoor cats, consider providing a warm, insulated shelter or bringing them indoors during cold spells.

Indoor pets are not immune to hypothermia. Make sure that your home is warm enough and avoid keeping your dog or cats in unheated spaces like garages or basements for extended periods.

Always supervise your cats or dog during outdoor activities. Even if they seem to enjoy playing in the snow, it’s vital to ensure they don’t stay out long enough to become chilled. Watch for signs of cold, such as shivering, reluctance to move, or seeking shelter, and act promptly to bring them indoors.

By understanding the signs, causes, and treatments of hypothermia, you can keep your beloved pets safe and comfortable throughout the winter season. Prevention and vigilance are key to ensuring your furry friends stay warm, healthy, and happy no matter how cold it gets outside.