How To Spot & Treat Urinary Crystals In Cats

As cat parents, we do our best to keep our feline companions happy, healthy, and thriving. However, despite our efforts, some cats can develop tiny, sharp-edged crystals in their urine, known as urine crystals or crystalluria. These crystals form when minerals that are normally present in the urine bind together. Although crystalluria can occur on its own, it may also be linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) or feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD).

Why Urine Crystals Cause Discomfort

Urine crystals are microscopic, but they can feel like fine grains of sand and cause significant irritation within the bladder. These sharp-edged formations rub against the bladder lining, often leading to inflammation, discomfort, and in many cases, blood in the urine.

This irritation makes urination painful for your cat and may result in behaviors such as frequent urination, straining to urinate, or urinating outside the litter box. Some cats will visit the litter box often but only produce a few drops of urine, or none at all, which can be frustrating and distressing to witness.

Symptoms to Watch for in Your Cat

The symptoms of urine crystals can vary, but one of the most common symptom of urine crystals is when a cat sits in the litter box for long periods, appearing to strain or show discomfort. Cats may also begin to lick their genital area more than usual or become withdrawn and lethargic. Or your cat might start to pee outside the litter box.

In many cases, you will notice blood-tinged urine or observe your cat urinating in unusual places around the house even on your bed. These behaviors are not just inconvenient, they’re a sign that your cat is experiencing pain and will need to be taken to the vet for immediate attention.

What Causes Urine Crystals?

Several factors contribute to the formation of crystals in feline urine. Dehydration is a leading cause, as concentrated urine creates an environment where crystals can form more easily. A diet high in certain minerals, such as magnesium or phosphorus, can also increase the risk. Urine pH plays a significant role too; when the pH is too high or too low, it can trigger the formation of specific types of crystals.

Stress is another often overlooked factor. Environmental stressors like changes in routine, new pets, or lack of stimulation can all affect a cat’s urinary health. In some cases, there may be an underlying medical condition such as a UTI, bladder stone, or even early kidney disease.

Diagnosis: How Your Veterinarian Will Identify Urine Crystals

If you suspect your cat has urine crystals, it’s important to see a veterinarian right away. Your vet will typically perform a urinalysis by collecting a sterile sample of your cat’s urine. This test checks for the presence of bacteria, blood cells, pH balance, crystal type, and other important indicators. These results help determine the cause of your cat’s symptoms and guide the most effective treatment plan.

Treatment Options for Cats with Urine Crystals

Treatment for urine crystals depends on the type of crystals and whether any complications, such as a bladder stone or a urethral blockage are present. In most cases, increasing your cat’s water intake is a top priority. Hydration helps dilute the urine and flush out crystals before they can accumulate.

Your vet may also prescribe a special urinary care diet, typically in wet food form, to help dissolve existing crystals and prevent new ones from forming. If a bacterial infection is also present, antibiotics will be prescribed to clear the infection. Reducing stress in your cat’s environment can also help support urinary health and minimize flare-ups.

How Urinary Care Diets Help Manage Urinary Crystals

Urinary care diets are specially formulated to help manage and prevent urinary crystals in cats. These diets typically work by controlling the levels of minerals—such as magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium—that contribute to crystal formation. They also help maintain an optimal urinary pH, which reduces the risk of struvite or calcium oxalate crystals developing.

Most urinary care diets come in wet food form to increase your cat’s water intake and encourage more frequent urination, which flushes out the bladder. In some cases, a prescription urinary diet may be required, especially if your cat has a history of recurring issues.

Always follow your veterinarian’s guidance when choosing the right urinary formula, as feeding the wrong type could worsen certain conditions. Sticking to the prescribed food and avoiding treats or table scraps that interfere with the diet is key to long-term success.

Emergency Situations: Urethral Blockages

In more serious cases, such as a urethral obstruction, emergency treatment is required. A blockage can prevent urine from exiting your cat’s body and quickly lead to life-threatening complications. If this occurs, your vet will usually place a catheter under anesthesia to flush out the blockage. The catheter may remain in place for about 24 hours, and your cat will likely need to stay in the hospital for monitoring. If kidney function has been affected, intravenous fluids and additional care may be necessary until your cat stabilizes.

Preventing Future Urinary Issues

While urine crystals in cats can be alarming, many cats recover fully with the right care and dietary adjustments. Preventing future issues involves ensuring your cat stays well hydrated, eats a balanced, moisture-rich diet, and lives in a low-stress environment. Regular veterinary visits and prompt attention to any signs of urinary discomfort are key to keeping your cat’s bladder healthy and crystal-free.