What Causes Tear Stains in Dogs?

If your dog frequently has tear stains, it’s usually due to a condition called epiphora, which refers to excessive tear production or poor tear drainage. This condition results in an overflow of tears onto the face, leading to noticeable reddish-brown streaks under your dog’s eyes. While these stains may simply be a cosmetic concern, they can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue that requires attention.

Certain breeds are more prone to tear staining than others. Small, brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds such as the Maltese, Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu, and Poodle are particularly susceptible due to their facial structure and shallow eye sockets. Dogs with light-colored coats tend to show tear stains more prominently than those with darker fur.

While tear staining is common and often harmless, it is important to determine whether it is a symptom of an underlying eye problem, such as infections, blocked tear ducts, or even glaucoma.

If your dog experiences excessive tearing, the first thing to do is talk to your veterinarian to rule out medical causes. Eye infections, allergies, corneal ulcers, and even anatomical abnormalities can contribute to tear staining. Your veterinarian can perform an eye exam and, if necessary, prescribe treatments to address any health concerns. Once medical conditions are ruled out, there are several ways you can minimize and manage tear stains at home.

What Causes Tear Staining in Dogs?

Tear stains are primarily caused by porphyrins, iron-containing molecules that are produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. These molecules are excreted through urine, bile, saliva, and tears. In dogs, excess porphyrins in the tears cause reddish-brown stains when exposed to light and oxygen. While all dogs produce porphyrins, the stains are far more visible on white or light-colored fur.

Another factor contributing to tear staining is excessive moisture around the eyes. This can create an ideal environment for bacterial and yeast growth, particularly a type of yeast called Malassezia, which can darken the stains and cause irritation. Keeping your dog’s face clean and dry is essential in preventing further discoloration and discomfort.

How to Reduce or Prevent Tear Stains

1. Keep Your Dog’s Face Clean

One of the simplest and most effective ways to minimize tear stains is by keeping your dog’s face clean. Wipe your dog’s eyes at least twice daily using a soft, damp cloth with a little water or even pet-safe eye wipes. This can help to remove the tear buildup. Keeping the fur around the eyes trimmed can also help prevent moisture retention and reduce staining.

2. Choose the Right Food and Water

A dog’s diet plays a role in tear staining. Poor-quality dog food with artificial additives and fillers may contribute to excessive tear production. Opt for a high-quality, balanced diet rich in real meat proteins and free from unnecessary additives.

Additionally, the minerals found in tap water, particularly iron and other heavy metals, may contribute to staining. Consider using filtered or distilled water to help reduce mineral intake. Adding a teaspoon of white vinegar to your dog’s water bowl can also help slightly alter the pH balance in the body, which may reduce tear staining over time. If your dog dislikes the taste, start with a small amount and gradually increase it.

3. Use Stainless Steel or Ceramic Bowls

Plastic food and water bowls can develop microscopic cracks that harbor bacteria, which may contribute to facial irritation and tear staining. Switching to stainless steel, glass, or ceramic bowls can help minimize bacterial growth and prevent additional irritation around the mouth and eyes.

4. Try Saline Solutions and Mild Cleansers

Using a mild saline solution or pet-safe eye wash can help clean the eye area and reduce the buildup of porphyrins. Lightly moisten a cotton pad with saline and gently wipe around the eyes. Some pet owners also find that a diluted hydrogen peroxide mixture (one part peroxide to four parts water) carefully applied with a cotton pad can help lighten existing stains. However, be very cautious to avoid direct contact with the eyes.

For a more natural approach, a damp washcloth with non-tear baby shampoo can gently clean the fur around the eyes without causing irritation. Be sure to rinse thoroughly to prevent any residue buildup.

5. Regular Grooming and Facial Trims

Excess fur around the eyes can trap moisture and contribute to tear staining. Keeping the hair around your dog’s eyes neatly trimmed can help reduce irritation and improve air circulation, keeping the area drier. If you are unsure about trimming the fur yourself, consider having a professional groomer handle it safely.

Should You Be Concerned About Tear Stains?

While tear stains can be frustrating to manage, they are usually not a cause for major concern unless they’re accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, excessive blinking, or discharge, which could indicate an infection or other medical issue. If your dog’s tear stains appear suddenly or worsen over time, a visit to the veterinarian is recommended.

Every dog is different, and some respond better to certain remedies than others. Managing tear staining requires a combination of proper hygiene, diet, and routine care. By implementing these strategies, you can help keep your dog’s face clean and reduce the appearance of unsightly tear stains. However, if the tear staining continues despite your efforts, talk to your veterinarian for additional guidance.