Why Does My Senior Dog Keep Coughing?

When a dog coughs, it is a natural reflex to clear his or her throat or airways. But, when it becomes persistent or frequent in senior dogs, it might indicate an underlying health issue.  It is important to understand the reason behind your older dog's cough and taking the appropriate next steps to help them feel better.

Age-Related Health Conditions

As dogs age, they become more susceptible to certain health conditions that can cause coughing. One common cause is chronic bronchitis, which leads to inflammation of the airways.

Chronic bronchitis is more frequent in senior dogs and is often marked by a persistent, dry cough that worsens with exercise or excitement. While it cannot be cured, it can be managed with medications and lifestyle adjustments.

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a significant concern in older dogs and can manifest itself as coughing, especially during the night or after exercise. Conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF) can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, causing a wet or gurgling cough. If your senior dog’s coughing is accompanied by other symptoms such as lethargy, difficulty breathing, or a swollen abdomen, immediate veterinary attention is required.

To manage heart disease, your veterinarian may prescribe medications, recommend a low-sodium diet, or suggest regular heart- monitoring to ensure your dog’s condition remains stable.

Respiratory Infections

Senior dogs tend to have a more-weakened immune systems than younger dogs, making them more vulnerable to respiratory infections such as kennel cough or pneumonia. Kennel cough is a highly contagious condition characterized by a loud, honking cough, while pneumonia often causes a moist, phlegmy cough accompanied by fever or lethargy.

Treatment for respiratory infections typically includes antibiotics, cough suppressants, and rest. Make sure to that your dog stays up to date on vaccinations and avoiding exposure to sick dogs can help prevent these infections.

Collapsing Trachea

A collapsing trachea is a condition commonly seen in small or toy breed dogs as they age. It occurs when the cartilage supporting the trachea weakens, causing it to collapse partially during breathing. This results in a dry, honking cough, especially when the dog is excited, drinking water, or wearing a tight collar.

Management options include weight control, using a harness instead of a collar, and medications to reduce inflammation and cough frequency. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be recommended.

Allergies and Environmental Irritants

Allergies or exposure to irritants such as smoke, dust, or strong fragrances can trigger coughing in senior dogs. Seasonal allergies may also lead to postnasal drip, which irritates the throat and causes coughing. Identifying and minimizing exposure to allergens can significantly reduce coughing episodes.

Air purifiers, hypoallergenic bedding, and avoiding smoking or using strong cleaning products around your dog can help create a more comfortable environment. If allergies are severe, your veterinarian may suggest antihistamines or other medications.

Parasites

Parasites such as heartworms or lungworms can lead to persistent coughing in dogs. Heartworm disease, transmitted through mosquito bites, affects the lungs and heart, leading to a dry cough, fatigue, and weight loss. Lungworms, on the other hand, directly affect the respiratory tract, causing coughing and difficulty breathing.

Preventive measures, such as regular heartworm medication, are fundamental to protect your senior dog from these parasites. If your dog is diagnosed with a parasitic infection, your vet will recommend a tailored treatment plan.

Cancer

Unfortunately, cancer becomes more prevalent as dogs age and can affect the lungs or surrounding structures. Tumors in the lungs may cause coughing, difficulty breathing, and weight loss. If your senior dog’s coughing is persistent and accompanied by other concerning symptoms, advanced diagnostics such as X-rays or biopsies may be necessary.

Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, or palliative care to manage symptoms and maintain quality of life.

Obesity and Airway Pressure

Excess weight can put additional pressure on a dog’s airways, making them more prone to coughing. Obesity is particularly concerning in senior dogs as it can exacerbate other health conditions, such as heart disease or arthritis.

Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and appropriate exercise can help alleviate coughing caused by obesity. Work with your veterinarian to create a weight management plan tailored to your dog’s needs.

When to See a Veterinarian

While occasional coughing may not be a cause for alarm, persistent or worsening coughing in senior dogs warrants veterinary attention. Seek immediate care if your dog’s coughing is accompanied by:

• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing.

• Blue or pale gums.

• Fainting or collapsing.

• Severe lethargy or refusal to eat.

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough examination, including diagnostic tests such as X-rays, blood work, or ultrasound, to determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Strategies to Support Your Senior Dog

Once the cause of your dog’s coughing is identified, several strategies can help manage their symptoms and improve their comfort:

Medication and Treatment

Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for treating the underlying condition, whether it’s medication, lifestyle changes, or both.

Environmental Adjustments

Keep your dog’s environment free of smoke, strong odors, and allergens. Use humidifiers to maintain moisture in the air, especially during dry seasons.

Diet and Weight Management:

Provide a balanced diet to maintain a healthy weight and support overall health.

Regular Check-ups:

Routine veterinary visits are essential for monitoring chronic conditions and catching new issues early.

Coughing in senior dogs is often a sign of an underlying issue that requires attention. By understanding the potential causes and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help your aging companion stay comfortable and enjoy their golden years. With proper care, many conditions causing coughing can be managed effectively which can help endure your pups’ quality of life.